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Type 8. Leader

Tip! Click on the books on the left to read different author's descriptions for this type.

The description here was salvaged from Dave's Enneagram Site, when it was about to be deleted in 5/98. Check his new site for updates.
Naranjo
E-Type Structures
Palmer
-E-gram
E  in Love & Work
Pocket E-gram
Riso and Hudson
Understanding E-gram
Discovering Your Type
E-gram Transform.
Baron & Wagele
E-gram Made Easy
Are You My Type?
Keyes
Emotions and E-gram
Hurley & Dobson
What’s My Type?
Callahan
E-gram for Youth
Excerpts from Enneagram Books
   Riso - Understanding the Enneagram
 

Personality Type Eight: The Leader
The Powerful, Expansive, Dictatorial, Destructive Person

Childhood Origin: Ambivalent to mother-figure.
Basic Fear: Of submitting to another.
Basic Desire: To be self-reliant.
Healthy Sense of Self: I am strong.
Characteristic Temptation: To be too self-sufficient.
Characteristic Vice: Lust.
Characteristic Virtue: Magnanimity.
Hidden Complaint: I am fighting for my own survival, and others would take advantage of me if I let them.
Key Defense Mechanisms: Repression, displacement, denial.

Don Richard Riso

Understanding the Enneagram:
The Practical Guide to Personality Types
Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990, 288 pages